Magnetoelectric effect in a ring-type ferromagnetic-piezoelectric composite heterostructure for different magnetizing field orientations

Magnetoelectric (ME) effects in composite heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic (FM) and piezoelectric (PE) layers accomplish the mutual transformation of magnetic and electric fields. These effects are used to create highly sensitive magnetic field sensors, electrically tunable electronic devices, and autonomous power sources. The ME effects result from a combination of magnetostriction of the FM layers and piezoelectricity in the PE layers due to mechanical coupling between the layers. The field conversion efficiency depends significantly on the heterostructure shape, as well as on the orientation and magnitude of the magnetizing field. In this work, we investigated in detail the characteristics of the direct resonance ME effect in a structure consisting of a lead zirconate titanate piezoceramic ring with an electrodeposited nickel layer. The structure was magnetized along its axis, perpendicular to it or circumferentially. The mechanisms and formation features of field characteristics of the ME effect in a ring-type heterostructure for selected magnetic field orientations were explained. Additionally, the advantages of using ring-type FM-PE heterostructures in ME devices were articulated, opening new possibilities in the development of highly efficient sensors and electronic devices.