Cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanism and potential clinical intervention

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a globally recognized neurodegenerative disorder that severely impairs cognitive function and imposes substantial psychological and financial burdens on patients and their families. The hallmark pathological features of AD include progressive neurodegeneration, extracellular beta-amyloid (A(3) plaque accumulation, and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein tangles. However, recent studies have identified a subset of patients exhibiting cognitive resilience, characterized by a slower cognitive decline or the preservation of high cognitive function despite the presence of AD pathology. Cognitive resilience is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In addition, cognitive resilience contributes to the new perspectives on the diagnosis and personalized treatment of AD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of current studies on cognitive resilience in AD and to explore future research directions of AD diagnosis and treatment.