Values and multilateralism in world politics

This article examines the role of values in multilateral cooperation. We argue that multilateralism possesses core, non-instrumental values - namely, a spirit of collectivity, inclusivity over exclusivity, and negotiated governance - that distinguish it from other forms of international cooperation. These values, embedded within institutional frameworks and practices, may underpin multilateralism's continued relevance in addressing contemporary foreign policy challenges, including great power competition, illiberal politics, and multipolarity. The article critiques the policy dichotomy between values and interests, identifying points of conceptual overlap and proposing that multilateralism provides a normative context through which divergent state preferences may be shaped and navigated. By distinguishing between formal, superficial, and substantive multilateralism, the article offers an analytical framework to evaluate the quality of multilateral engagement and its implications for global governance. It concludes by reflecting on multilateralism's potential to address the complexities of contemporary world politics.