Advances in semiconductor-based sensors for hazardous gas detection in coal mines

This review examines recent advances in semiconductor-based sensors for hazardous gas detection in coal mines, focusing on innovative materials, fabrication techniques, and signal processing methods. The research delves into the advancement of innovative nanostructures, such as nanowires with one-dimensional characteristics, nanosheets with two-dimensional properties, and hierarchical assemblies in three dimensions. These structures provide increased surface area and distinct electrical features that can enhance gas sensing capabilities. It discusses the emergence of new materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides and MXenes, which show promise for room-temperature operation and increased sensitivity. The review also covers advancements in sensor fabrication, including thin and thick film deposition methods, MEMS integration, and the creation of flexible, wearable sensors. Cutting-edge signal processing techniques, such as temperature modulation and machine learning algorithms for pattern recognition, are examined for their role in enhancing sensor selectivity and reliability. The paper addresses ongoing challenges in the field, including interference from environmental factors and power consumption issues, while highlighting future research directions aimed at developing more robust, energyefficient, and multi-functional sensing platforms. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with gas sensing systems is discussed as a promising approach for real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance in mine safety applications.