Precision calories: A promising strategy for personalized health interventions in the precision nutrition framework

Background: Precision nutrition (PN) is a field that aims to develop personalized dietary interventions to meet individual health needs. PN has gained widespread acceptance and has been supported by advancements in high-throughput multi-omics technologies and integrated big data systems. Implementing PN is considered the best way to prevent non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Scope and approach: In this paper, we discuss the risk of NCDs due to macronutrient imbalance, and integrate the evidence on the risk of NCDs due to caloric excess and caloric deficit. Based on this, precision calories (PC) strategy within the PN framework to improve health and cope with NCDs are discussed. Key findings and conclusions: PC, which involve the integration of high-quality data on macronutrient intake, are a promising strategy within the PN research framework for improving health. Then, the benefits of PC strategy in terms of nutrigenomics, computational biology, and the establishment of an integrated personal omics profile in the PN framework are systematically discussed. Overall, the PC strategy in the PN framework is applicable to a wide range of conditions and processes, from macronutrient intake and metabolism to the association of health risks, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of translating data into knowledge and action. PC will help unravel the complex relationship between diet and health, and create new opportunities for PN dietary interventions for personal health management to move from cutting-edge scientific research to implementation on the ground.