Optimizing hill banana (cv. Virupakshi) production: Impact of biostimulants on yield, quality and shelf life, unveiling its phyto-chemical profile using GC-MS analysis and its pharmacological activity

This study assessed the impact of various biostimulants on the yield and quality of hill banana ( Musa sp.) cv. Virupakshi in Kilakuchettipatti, Kodaikanal Taluk, Tamil Nadu, during 2023-2024. A Randomized Block Design (RBD), different concentrations of biostimulants were tested, including seaweed extract (2 % and 3 %), fulvic acid (2 % and 3 %), panchagavya (2 % and 3 %), moringa leaf extract (2 % and 4 %), protein hydrolysate (1 % and 2 %), vermiwash (2 % and 3 %) and orthosilicic acid (2 % and 4 %), along with a control group. The 3 % seaweed extract was the most effective, significantly improving yield and quality parameters compared to the control, which had lower acidity and highervalues in bunch weight, bunch length, hand weight, finger length, pulp weight, peel weight, peel thickness, TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars. The study also analyzed the phytochemical profile of bananas treated with 3 % seaweed extract, revealing enhancements in bioactive compounds like benzopyran, coumarin, allyl urea, and allyl alcohol, known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, the seaweed extract contained 40 major bioactive compounds, with 16 highlighted for their pharmaceutical activity. These findings suggest that biostimulants can enhance the nutritional and health benefits of bananas and improve cultivation practices.