Clinical phenotypes and biomarkers in chronic urticaria

The medical field faces considerable challenges in treating chronic urticaria (CU), which includes both chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria, owing to its varied nature. The complexity of this condition stems from multiple factors: varying disease mechanisms, different ways in which symptoms manifest, and inconsistent treatment outcomes. Although both forms of CU display hives that persist beyond six weeks, they have distinct causes and progression patterns. This study examines CSU specifically, exploring its various manifestations and associated biological indicators. Currently, there is a pressing need to identify reliable, accessible biomarkers for CSU to enhance diagnosis and develop targeted treatments. Better insights into how specific disease patterns are related to biological markers would significantly improve our understanding of CSU development and enhance patient treatment approaches.