Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in extruded full-fat soybean fed to non-gestating, gestating, and lactating sows

This study was conducted to determine and compare the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in extruded full-fat soybean (EFSB) fed to nongestating, midgestating, late-gestating, and lactating sows. Six EFSB samples were collected from different sources. Fourteen nongestating sows (Landrace x Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5) were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. After recovery, sows were assigned to a replicated 7 x 3 incomplete Latin square design.The diets included a nitrogen-free (NF) diet and six experimental diets (EFSB 1 to 6). Eight midgestating sows (Landrace x Yorkshire; parity 3; day 48 of gestation), eight late-gestating sows (Landrace x Yorkshire; parity 3; day 90 of gestation), and eight lactating sows (Landrace x Yorkshire; parity 3; day 6 of lactation) were all assigned to four dietary treatments in a repeated 4 x 3 incomplete Latin square design. The diets included a NF diet and three experimental diets (EFSB 4 to 6). Results showed that there were significant differences in the AID and SID of CP and other AA in nongestating sows (P < 0.05), the AID and SID values of EFSB 1 to 3 were higher than those of EFSB 4 to 6, and the value of EFSB 5 was the lowest. For midgestating sows, there were differences in the AID of methionine (EFSB 5 had a lower value than EFSB 4 and 6) (P < 0.01). For late-gestating sows, only the AID of methionine (EFSB 5 had a lower value than EFSB 4 and 6), tryptophan (EFSB 5 had a higher value than EFSB 4 and 6), and proline (EFSB 5 had a higher value than EFSB 4) was different (P < 0.05), and the SID of methionine (EFSB 4 had a higher value than EFSB 5) and tryptophan (EFSB 5 had a higher value than EFSB 4 and 6) was different (P < 0.05). The SID of histidine and valine was greater in lactation than in nongestation (P = 0.045 and P = 0.02, respectively). The SID of isoleucine was greater in lactation than in nongestation and gestation (P < 0.01). The SID of methionine in nongestation was lower than in gestation and lactation (P < 0.01). The SID of cysteine was the lowest in midgestation (P = 0.045), and the SID of proline was greater in midgestation than in lactation and nongestation (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the AA ileal digestibility of six EFSB samples from different sources was different, and the ileal digestibility of CP and most AA was not affected by the physiological stage of sows. Lay Summary Extruded full-fat soybean (EFSB) is produced by treating soybean with high temperature and pressure. It is rich in oil, protein, and energy. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids in EFSB has been studied in growing or finishing pigs, but not in sows. The ileal digestibility of amino acids in EFSB may be different between sows and growing pigs and even between sows at different physiological stages. Therefore, the SID of amino acids of six EFSB samples from different sources was evaluated in nongestating, midgestating, late-gestating, and lactating sows. Results indicate that the amino acid ileal digestibility of six EFSB samples from different sources was different, and the ileal digestibility of crude protein and most amino acids was not affected by the physiological stage of sows.