Switchable Behavior and Applications of Low-Dimensional Halide Perovskites under External Environmental Stimuli

The flexibility and adaptability of low-dimensional halide perovskites make them ideal candidates for a wide range of cutting-edge technologies. In addition to their primary applications in photovoltaics, they have recently attracted attention for their potential use in switchable technologies such as smart windows, encrypted messages, and sensors. The interest stems from their switchable properties, which enable them to change their physical properties, in particular photoluminescence and crystal color, in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, pressure, and humidity. This review examines their switchable properties and explores their practical applications in a number of emerging chromic technologies. This paper also provides an in-depth analysis of the reversibility, switchable optical and electrical properties of low-dimensional halide perovskites, and the switching mechanisms involved in the transformations they undergo. In addition, the paper is classified according to different switching mechanisms. To assist the research community in developing new designs for new switchable low-dimensional perovskites, some basic criteria for effective switching materials are outlined here. Finally, the current challenges facing these emerging materials are discussed, and an outlook on future developments and potential breakthroughs in this promising area of research is provided.