Long-term follow-up of the treatment for severe COVID-19 with qigong exercise and acupressure: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Most clinical trials have reported significant short-term effects of traditional medicine therapies on COVID-19 patients. However, there is no clinical trial to determine the long-term effects of traditional medicine therapies on severe COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 128 patients with severe COVID-19, who were recruited in our previous clinical trial following hospital discharge, were monitored at months 14 and 28. This trial aims to evaluate the long-term effect of an early Qigong exercise and acupressure rehabilitation program on patients with severe COVID-19.The intervention group received qigong exercise and acupressure therapy, plus standard therapies. The control group received standard therapies.The study was a single-center, parallel, randomized, prospective follow-up study. The outcomes of the study included changes in the modified Borg dyspnea scale (MBS), the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), the patient health questionnaire-9 scale (PHQ-9), the activity of daily living (ADL), the remaining clinical symptoms and any intervention related adverse events. Results: The intervention group showed a statistically significant improvement in the mMRC scores (- 0.4, 95 % CI (- 0.6, 0.2), P < 0.001) and the MBS scores (- 0.6, 95 % CI (- 0.9, - 0.3), P < 0.001) after 14 months of discharge compared with the control group. At 28 months of discharge, the intervention group, compared with the control group alone, significantly increased their MBS scores (- 0.4, 95 % CI (- 0.7, - 0.1), P = 0.024) and a significantly decreased positive rate of dyspnea symptoms after 14 months of discharge ( P < 0.05). However, ADL and PHQ-9 scores showed no significant difference between the two groups during the follow-up ( P > 0.05). Conclusions: QARP had long-term sustained efficacy for dyspnea, chest tightness, and cough in patients with COVID-19, especially in young and middle-aged patients, and the effect was significant at the 14th month of follow-up. Trial registration: This trial was registered at the China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100044572).