Vaccine-associated measles in an immunocompromised host: Hospital infection prevention and control and public health response

被引:0
作者
Petel, Dara [1 ]
Juma, Nabilah [2 ]
Coghill, Cara-Lee [3 ]
Wilson, Sarah [3 ,4 ]
Zygmunt, Austin [5 ]
Tadros, Manal [6 ,7 ]
Campigotto, Aaron [6 ,7 ]
Beck, Carolyn E. [8 ,9 ]
Kazmi, Kescha [1 ,8 ]
Ali, Mohsin [1 ]
Science, Michelle [1 ,3 ,8 ]
机构
[1] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Paediat, Div Infect Dis, 555 Univ Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
[2] Hosp Sick Children, Infect Prevent & Control, Toronto, ON, Canada
[3] Publ Hlth Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
[4] Univ Toronto, Dalla Lana Sch Publ Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada
[5] Univ Ottawa, Fac Med, Dept Family Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada
[6] Hosp Sick Children, Div Microbiol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[7] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Lab Med & Pathobiol, Toronto, ON, Canada
[8] Univ Toronto, Fac Med, Dept Paediat, Toronto, ON, Canada
[9] Hosp Sick Children, Dept Paediat, Div Paediat Med, Toronto, ON, Canada
来源
JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE CANADA (JAMMI) | 2024年 / 9卷 / 03期
关键词
measles; measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine; public health; infection control;
D O I
10.3138/jammi-2023-0026
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
Introduction: Vaccine-associated measles is generally not considered to be transmissible, as opposed to wild-type measles, which is one of the most highly contagious diseases. Data on contact and exposure management of vaccine-associated measles is limited, with varied approaches to such cases described in the literature.Methods: We report the case of a 2-year-old immunosuppressed child who developed a febrile exanthem with mild conjunctivitis 18 days after receiving the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine.Results: Given the patient's recent measles-containing vaccination while on immunosuppressive medications, consistent clinical findings, and the lack of epidemiological risk factors for wild-type infection the decision was made to treat this as a presumptive case of vaccine-associated measles virus prior to return of confirmatory genotyping results. After consultation with public health experts, contact tracing was not considered necessary. No secondary measles cases were identified, despite a large exposure potential due to lack of consistent airborne precautions during hospital admission.Discussion: This case highlights the lack of transmissibility of vaccine-associated measles in immunocompromised hosts, adding to the scant body of literature on this topic, with the potential to inform hospital infection prevention and control as well as public health management in similar situations. Introduction : La rougeole associ & eacute;e & agrave; la vaccination n'est g & eacute;n & eacute;ralement pas consid & eacute;r & eacute;e comme transmissible, contrairement & agrave; la rougeole de type sauvage, qui fait partie des maladies les plus contagieuses. Les donn & eacute;es sur la gestion des contacts et de l'exposition en cas de rougeole associ & eacute;e & agrave; la vaccination sont limit & eacute;es, et les diverses approches de ces cas sont d & eacute;crites dans des publications scientifiques.M & eacute;thodologie : Les auteurs signalent le cas d'un enfant immunod & eacute;prim & eacute; de deux ans qui a acquis un exanth & egrave;me f & eacute;brile et une conjonctivite l & eacute;g & egrave;re 18 jours apr & egrave;s avoir re & ccedil;u le vaccin contre la rougeole, la rub & eacute;ole, les oreillons et la varicelle.R & eacute;sultats : & Eacute;tant donn & eacute; l'administration r & eacute;cente du vaccin contenant la rougeole au patient alors qu'il prenait des immunosuppresseurs, les observations cliniques uniformes et l'absence de facteurs de risque & eacute;pid & eacute;miologique de l'infection & agrave; virus sauvage, il a & eacute;t & eacute; d & eacute;cid & eacute; de traiter ce patient comme un cas pr & eacute;somptif de rougeole associ & eacute;e & agrave; la vaccination avant le retour des r & eacute;sultats de confirmation par g & eacute;notypage. Apr & egrave;s consultation d'experts de la sant & eacute; publique, la recherche des contacts n'a pas & eacute;t & eacute; jug & eacute;e n & eacute;cessaire. Aucun cas de rougeole secondaire n'a & eacute;t & eacute; d & eacute;pist & eacute;, malgr & eacute; un grand potentiel d'exposition en raison de l'absence de pr & eacute;cautions universelles contre la transmission par voie a & eacute;rienne pendant l'hospitalisation.Discussion : Ce cas, qui fait ressortir l'absence de transmissibilit & eacute; de la rougeole associ & eacute;e & agrave; la vaccination chez les h & ocirc;tes immunod & eacute;prim & eacute;s et s'ajoute aux rares publications sur le sujet, a le potentiel d'& eacute;clairer la pr & eacute;vention et le contr & ocirc;le des infections hospitali & egrave;res, de m & ecirc;me que la prise en charge par la sant & eacute; publique dans des situations semblables.
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页码:183 / 187
页数:5
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