Emerging transparent conductive superhydrophobic surfaces

Transparent conductive superhydrophobic surfaces (TCSHSs) represent a novel class of multifunctional materials that concurrently exhibit high transparency, excellent electrical conductivity, and robust superhydrophobicity. These three desirable properties are synergistically combined to provide a wide variety of advantages for various optoelectronic applications with water-repelling capabilities, including solar cells, smart windows, touch screens, and automobile windshields, all of which benefit from self-cleaning, anti-icing, anti-fouling, and anti-corrosion properties. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of TCSHSs. It begins by revisiting the fundamental principles governing superhydrophobic behavior and delving into the underlying mechanisms of various wetting phenomena. The review also highlights the intricate balance among transparency, conductivity, and superhydrophobicity, along with the associated physical principles. Furthermore, it introduces emerging TCSHSs in terms of material types, preparation methods, evaluation criteria, and cutting- edge applications. Finally, it summarizes the critical challenges and promising future prospects for TCSHSs, which will facilitate further development in this field.