Unveiling the Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on Low-Energy Trauma Fractures in Pediatric Patients: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among children in developing countries, contributing to musculoskeletal issues such as rickets and muscle weakness. Despite its significant impact, not much research has been done on the link between vitamin D deficiency and fractures caused by low-energy traumas in children. This retrospective case-control study aimed to assess serum vitamin D and calcium levels in low-energy trauma bone fractures among Iranian children. Methods: In a retrospective case-control study, 136 pediatric patients were examined. The participants were split into two groups: cases (fractures resulting from low-energy trauma) and controls (healthy children). Data collection involved gathering demographic information, recording the location of the fractures, and taking blood samples for vitamin D and calcium analysis. Serum levels were categorized as deficient (< 30 mmol/L), insufficient (30-49 mmol/L), or sufficient (> 50 mmol/L). Results: The study found that 77.9% of all participants had a vitamin D deficiency. There was a significant difference in deficiency prevalence between the case and control groups. Although no significant associations were found between vitamin D levels and factors such as age groups, gender, or fracture location, a higher deficiency prevalence was observed in the case group. Calcium levels did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Iranian children. While gender and age did not appear to be significant factors, it is crucial to routinely assess the vitamin D status of pediatric patients. Early initiation of supplementation may help improve bone health and prevent low-energy fractures in this population, making routine assessments even more urgent and crucial.