Electrophysiological insights into Alzheimer's disease: A review of human and animal studies

This review highlights the crucial role of neuroelectrophysiology in illuminating the mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression, emphasizing its potential to inform the development of effective treatments. Electrophysiological techniques provide unparalleled precision in exploring the intricate networks affected by AD, offering insights into the synaptic dysfunction, network alterations, and oscillatory abnormalities that characterize the disease. We discuss a range of electrophysiological methods, from noninvasive clinical techniques like electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography to invasive recordings in animal models. By drawing on findings from these studies, we demonstrate how electrophysiological research has deepened our understanding of AD-related network disruptions, paving the way for targeted therapeutic interventions. Moreover, we underscore the potential of electrophysiological modalities to play a pivotal role in evaluating treatment efficacy. Integrating electrophysiological data with clinical neuroimaging and longitudinal studies holds promise for a more comprehensive understanding of AD, enabling early detection and the development of personalized treatment strategies. This expanded research landscape offers new avenues for unraveling the complexities of AD and advancing therapeutic approaches.