Bite-sized structured learning: a preferred self-paced approach that enhanced learning of muscle physiology for allied health students

Muscle physiology is often perceived as a complex topic by students because of the hierarchical concepts and the need for integrative understanding. Breaking down content in a structured manner allows for segmented bite-sized learning that may enhance students' learning beyond conventional online lectures. We compared the effectiveness of 1) bite-sized structured learning (BSL) and 2) synchronous Zoom lecture (SZL) in teaching muscle physiology to first-year allied health undergraduates. For the same student cohort, the topic was divided into two lectures, with the first taught via BSL and the second via SZL. Pre and post quizzes were used to evaluate students' understanding of the topic. Mixed-methods online questionnaires were used to examine students' perceptions toward the two modes of learning, encompassing content coverage, delivery, engagement, effectiveness, preference, and convenience. A total of 223 and 215 students completed both pre and post quizzes for BSL and SZL, respectively. Student performances were improved via both modes (P < 0.001), with a higher median score improvement in BSL compared to SZL [3.0 (1.0-4.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0-3.0)]. Among students who completed the survey, 65% expressed strong preference toward BSL over SZL (17%), which could be attributed to the benefits of self-paced microlearning such as higher motivation and improved attention. BSL was perceived to be manageable and well structured to support learning. Our study suggests that BSL is equally effective as conventional lectures and is a learning approach favored by students. There could be merits in combining both instructional modes, as their complementary advantages may enhance students' learning.