Exploring industry acceptance of maritime autonomous surface ships: A grounded theory approach

In recent years, the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) has gained unprecedented momentum. However, little attention has been paid to acquiring a comprehensive understanding of the shipping industry's attitude and perceptions toward accepting and commercializing them. This study aims to fill this research gap by developing a substantive theoretical framework to analyze and understand the industry's acceptance of MASS. Utilizing the classic grounded theory method, we conducted semi-structured interviews with senior or top managers in the shipping industry. Our proposed theoretical framework integrates two main categories and eight core categories, collectively encompassing 21 distinct factors influencing the adoption of MASS. By revealing the complex interactions between these factors, the framework offers significant policy implications and practical strategies for stakeholders. This study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence the industry's decision to adopt and operate MASS, enhancing the understanding of technology acceptance in the shipping industry.