Mitigation of harmful exhaust pollutants of DI diesel engine using emulsified fuel and hythane gas in a dual-fuel mode

The current investigation aims to explore the effects of hythane gas and water in diesel emulsion (WiDE) in a dual-fuel mode. Generally, the Wide gives a drastic reduction of NOX emissions due to the vaporization of water particles in the combustion chamber results in lower combustion temperature. On the other side, the WiDE causes a decline in thermal efficiency due to its lower low heating value. The combination of methane and hydrogen (hythane) gas samples has been used as secondary fuel for getting the promising reduction of exhaust emissions without reduction of thermal efficiency of the engine. Initially, experiments are conducted with Wide fuel with water concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% and the rest of the diesel fuel by volume. The physicochemical properties of the prepared fuels were measured using ASTM standards. The base test results revealed that the WiDE10 is shown higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and lower exhaust emissions when contrasted with the other emulsified fuel samples. Later, the Wide10 emulsion fuel is further examined as the primary direct fuel along with hythane as a secondary fuel. The hythane fuel is prepared in two samples like hythane10 and hythane20 by means of methane and hydrogen percentage on an energy basis. The hythane fuel samples are supplied to the diesel engine at two flow rates like 4 liters per minute (lpm) and 5lpm. The maximum BTE was found of the WiDE10 with hythane20 at 5 lpm is 28.02% at full of load condition which is 5.69% of the higher when contrasted with the WiDE10 operation in a single fuel mode. The maximum in-cylinder pressure is found for the WiDE10 with hythane20 at a flow rate of 5lpm because of the higher hydrogen content shows the higher the flame speed results in improved combustion phenomena.