Correlation between the neuroendocrine axis, microbial species, inflammatory response, and gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND This study examines the complex relationships among the neuroendocrine axis, gut microbiome, inflammatory responses, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The findings provide new insights into the pathophysiology of IBS and suggest potential therapeutic targets for improving patient outcomes. AIM To investigate the interactions between the neuroendocrine axis, gut microbiome, inflammation, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS. METHODS Patients diagnosed with IBS between January 2022 and January 2023 were selected for the study. Healthy individuals undergoing routine check-ups during the same period served as the control group. Data were collected on neuroendocrine hormone levels, gut microbiome profiles, inflammatory biomarkers, and gastrointestinal symptomatology to analyze their interrelations and their potential roles in IBS pathogenesis. RESULTS IBS patients exhibited significant dysregulation of the neuroendocrine axis, with altered levels of cortisol, serotonin, and neuropeptides compared to healthy controls. The gut microbiome of IBS patients showed reduced diversity and specific alterations in bacterial genera, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium, which were associated with neuroendocrine disturbances. Additionally, elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were observed and correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that targeting the neuroendocrine axis, gut microbiome, and inflammatory pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life in IBS patients.