Social networks and depressive symptoms of older only-child parents in China

This study examines the relationships between social networks and depressive symptoms among Chinese only-child parents, who were affected by China's strict family planning policy, during the later stages of their lives. Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Society Survey (2018, N = 4,673) were used to investigate the social networks and depressive symptoms of older only-child parents and compare them to those of multiple-child parents. The study explores the associations between only-child parent status and depressive symptoms, as well as the moderating effects of social networks. Only-child parents have fewer family ties and fewer depressive symptoms compared with multiple-child parents, with no significant difference observed in friendship ties. Both family and friendship ties were associated with fewer depressive symptoms among both groups, although family ties exerted a greater impact on the depressive symptoms of only-child parents. In the age-group robustness test, the above results were found only in the young-old group (under 75 years old). In terms of depressive symptoms, the only child can provide sufficient support for older parents. However, given the fragility of the only-child family structure, society should be aware of and prepare for the future risks facing only-child parents as they advance in age.