Policy implementation and policy instruments: The underdeveloped dimensions of the four "political" American policy process theories. A Western European perspective

The fifth edition of "Theories of the Policy Process" represents a further step in consolidating these theories. However, four of them-Advocacy Coalition Framework, Multiple Streams Framework, Narrative Policy Framework, and Punctuated Equilibrium Theory-exhibit a few limitations in light of the characteristics of implementation and policy instruments due to their founding principles, the central role of pluralism and the will to abandon the original normativism of the policy sciences. Thus, these four theories seem to be framed to capture the politics of policy-making in a dynamic way rather than to understand how policies are able to deliver results to society. This affects the relevance and applicability of these theories from a Western European perspective but probably also from other cultural and geopolitical perspectives. After a discussion of these limitations, the paper outlines a number of suggestions for overcoming them. <<(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)>>(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)--(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(MSF),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)--(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). La quinta edici & oacute;n de "Teor & iacute;as del proceso de pol & iacute;ticas" representa un paso m & aacute;s en la consolidaci & oacute;n de estas teor & iacute;as. Sin embargo, cuatro de ellas-el Marco de Coalici & oacute;n de Defensa, el Marco de M & uacute;ltiples Corrientes, el Marco Narrativo de Pol & iacute;ticas y la Teor & iacute;a del Equilibrio Puntuado-presentan algunas limitaciones a la luz de las caracter & iacute;sticas de la implementaci & oacute;n y los instrumentos de pol & iacute;tica debido a sus principios fundadores, el papel central del pluralismo y la voluntad de abandonar el normativismo original de las ciencias pol & iacute;ticas. Por lo tanto, estas cuatro teor & iacute;as parecen estar enmarcadas para capturar la pol & iacute;tica de la formulaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas de una manera din & aacute;mica en lugar de entender c & oacute;mo las pol & iacute;ticas pueden producir resultados para la sociedad. Esto afecta la relevancia y aplicabilidad de estas teor & iacute;as desde una perspectiva de Europa occidental, pero probablemente tambi & eacute;n desde otras perspectivas culturales y geopol & iacute;ticas. Despu & eacute;s de un an & aacute;lisis de estas limitaciones, el art & iacute;culo describe una serie de sugerencias para superarlas.