[1] Inst Pasteur Madagascar, Plague Unit, Antananarivo, Madagascar
[2] Univ Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
[3] Sustainable Hlth Unit SUSTAINIT, Ctr Pandem & One Hlth Res, Fac Med, Oslo, Norway
[4] Univ Oslo, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Dept Biosci, Oslo, Norway
[5] Tsinghua Univ, Vanke Sch Publ Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China
[6] Minist Publ Hlth, Antananarivo, Madagascar
[7] Univ Nottingham, Biodiscovery Inst, Nottingham, England
[8] Inst Rech Dev, UMR CBGP, Montpellier, France
[9] Inst Univ France IUF, Paris, France
[10] Ecole Val Degrace, Paris, France
[11] Univ Nottingham, Sch Geog, Nottingham, England