Computational modeling and simulations to study the thermal enhancement in nanofluid flow in undulating wavy cavity of a cylinder: Finite element analysis

The goal of this work is to produce a computational model to discover the Cu-water nanofluid flow patterns and heat transfer features through a wavy chamber via a different cross-section cylinder. A finite element method based on the Galerkin weighted residual technique solves the non-linear governing equations for the current computational model. We have conducted a parametric exploration to investigate the influence of Rayleigh number (103 <= Ra <= 106), several angles of an elliptical cylinder (0 degrees <= theta <= 90 degrees), aspect ratios (1 <= AR <= 3), and varied nanofluid volume fractions (0 <= phi <= 0.1). The graphical representation of the numerical results, such as streamlines, isotherm contours, the angle of elliptical cylinders, and the average Nusselt number is illustrated in the figures. This research and a prior publication agree strongly. The results show that the heat transfer rate increases with the angle of orientation and AR for each value. The vertical direction of an elliptical cylinder significantly enhanced the rate of heat transfer. The result indicates that for mutually pure water and nanoparticles, the maximum heat transmission rate appears at theta = 90 degrees, AR = 3.0, lambda = 5, phi = 4%, and Ra = 106. The undulation effectiveness reaches its highest at an undulation number of 5.