Early biological and psychosocial factors associated with PTSD onset and persistence in youth

被引:0
作者
Williams, Kimberley C. [1 ,2 ]
Nto, Nto J. [3 ,4 ,5 ]
van Vuren, Esme Jansen [6 ,7 ]
Sallie, Farhanah N. [8 ,9 ]
Molebatsi, Keneilwe [10 ]
Kroneberg, Kayla S. [11 ]
Roomaney, Aqeedah A. [3 ,4 ]
Salie, Muneeb [3 ]
Womersley, Jacqueline S. [3 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Univ Cape Town, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat & Mental Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa
[2] Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa
[3] Stellenbosch Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Psychiat, Cape Town, South Africa
[4] Stellenbosch Univ, Genom Brain Disorders Extramural Unit, South African Med Res Council, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Cape Town, South Africa
[5] Univ Nigeria, Fac Basic Med Sci, Dept Anat, Nsukka, Nigeria
[6] North West Univ, Hypertens Africa Res Team HART, Potchefstroom, South Africa
[7] North West Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, SAMRC Extramural Unit Hypertens & Cardiovasc Dis, Potchefstroom, South Africa
[8] Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Hlth Consortium PTY Ltd, Wits Integrated Mol Physiol Res Initiat, Sch Physiol,Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa
[9] Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
[10] Univ Botswana, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Gaborone, Botswana
[11] False Bay Dist Hosp, Western Cape Dept Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa
基金
英国医学研究理事会;
关键词
PTSD; children; adolescents; biological factors; psychological factors; social factors; TEPT; ni & ntilde; os; adolescentes; factores biol & oacute; gicos; factores psicol & oacute; factores sociales; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; SALIVARY CORTISOL; MENTAL-HEALTH; HAIR CORTISOL; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; SYMPTOMS; TRAUMA;
D O I
10.1080/20008066.2024.2432160
中图分类号
B849 [应用心理学];
学科分类号
040203 ;
摘要
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. While considerable research has investigated PTSD in adults, little is known about the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to its onset, development, and persistence in youth.Methods: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify longitudinal studies examining factors associated with PTSD status and symptom severity in children and adolescents. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, yielding 24 eligible studies after screening.Results: The included studies identified various biological factors associated with paediatric PTSD, including dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain structural alterations, and physiological markers such as heart rate. Psychological factors, including depression, trauma appraisals, coping styles, and cognitive deficits predicted PTSD symptom development. Social factors included parental PTSD, family environment, and cultural influences. Many studies highlighted the importance of the interplay between these biological, psychological, and social factors in the manifestation of PTSD in youth.Conclusion: This review synthesises evidence that PTSD development in youth is influenced by a complex array of neurobiological vulnerabilities, psychological processes, and environmental factors. Longitudinal, multi-dimensional studies are needed to further elucidate personalised risk profiles and trajectories, which can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies for PTSD in youth. Antecedentes: El trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico (TEPT) es una condici & oacute;n mental debilitante que puede desarrollarse tras experimentar o presenciar un acontecimiento traum & aacute;tico. Aunque se han realizado numerosas investigaciones sobre el TEPT en adultos, se sabe poco sobre los factores biol & oacute;gicos, psicol & oacute;gicos y sociales que contribuyen a su aparici & oacute;n, desarrollo y persistencia en los j & oacute;venes.M & eacute;todos: Esta revisi & oacute;n sistem & aacute;tica sigui & oacute; las directrices de los Elementos de Reporte Preferidos para Revisiones Sistem & aacute;ticas y Metaan & aacute;lisis (PRISMA por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s) para identificar estudios longitudinales que examinaran los factores asociados con el estado del TEPT y la gravedad de los s & iacute;ntomas en ni & ntilde;os y adolescentes. Se realizaron b & uacute;squedas bibliogr & aacute;ficas en PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, y tras el cribado se obtuvieron 24 estudios elegibles.Resultados: Los estudios incluidos identificaron diversos factores biol & oacute;gicos asociados con el TEPT pedi & aacute;trico, incluida la desregulaci & oacute;n del eje hipot & aacute;lamo-hip & oacute;fisis-suprarrenal, alteraciones estructurales cerebrales y marcadores fisiol & oacute;gicos como la frecuencia cardiaca. Los factores psicol & oacute;gicos, como la depresi & oacute;n, las evaluaciones del trauma, los estilos de afrontamiento y los d & eacute;ficits cognitivos predijeron el desarrollo de s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT. Los factores sociales inclu & iacute;an el TEPT de los padres, el entorno familiar y las influencias culturales. Muchos estudios destacaron la importancia de la interacci & oacute;n entre estos factores biol & oacute;gicos, psicol & oacute;gicos y sociales en la manifestaci & oacute;n del TEPT en los j & oacute;venes.Conclusiones: Esta revisi & oacute;n sintetiza la evidencia de que el desarrollo del TEPT en los j & oacute;venes est & aacute; influido por un complejo conjunto de vulnerabilidades neurobiol & oacute;gicas, procesos psicol & oacute;gicos y factores ambientales. Se necesitan estudios longitudinales y multidimensionales para dilucidar mejor los perfiles y trayectorias de riesgo personalizados, que pueden servir de base para estrategias de prevenci & oacute;n e intervenci & oacute;n espec & iacute;ficas para el TEPT en j & oacute;venes.
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页数:31
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