Recent advances in graphitic carbon nitride-based heterojunction for biomedical applications

The unique superiorities of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based heterojunction, i.e., their low cost and toxicity, ease of fabrication and functionalization, outstanding physical and chemical stability, good biocompatibility, and outstanding catalytic efficiency, render them extremely promising for biomedical applications. Given the importance and benefits of g-C3N4-based heterojunction in biomedical applications, now is a good moment to give a summary of g-C3N4-based heterojunction for biomedical applications. In this review, we thoroughly described the material design for g-C3N4-based heterojunction, along with their recent developments in various biomedical applications, i.e., cancer treatment, antibacterial therapy, wound healing, and biosensors. Furthermore, a thorough discussion was held on the biosafety and toxicity assessments of the g-C3N4-based heterojunction. Additionally, the most recent advancements, difficulties, and future prospects of g-C3N4-based heterojunction in biomedical fields were emphasized and thoroughly examined. Undoubtedly, in the near future, scientific researchers will put their relentless efforts to exploit the new g-C3N4-based heterojunction for real- world biomedical applications.