Development of Li-ion batteries cathode materials by using nickel and cobalt mixed Li-borate base glass composite with V2O5 via melt quenching method

To improve the efficiency of cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries by preparing a mixture with a NickelCobalt (Ni-Co) ratio of 4:1 and incorporating Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) to increase capacity. The study employs Li-borate-based glass (LBO) for enhanced stability. A simplified glass melting process is developed to achieve the highest specific capacity. The experiment involves four distinct processes. In the initial process, Ni-Co and LBO were used, and this was followed by the glass melt quenching method. The second process commenced by mixing the products of the first process with V2O5 before proceeding to the glass melt quenching method. In the third process, LBO, Ni, Co, and V2O5 were all combined and subjected to the glass melt quenching method simultaneously. The final process involved combining glass from the first process with V2O5 and mixing them for 24 hours to complete the procedure. X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of lithium hexaborate glass-ceramic structure of Li6B4O9, suggesting a glass-ceramic transition. Battery performance tests, including charge-discharge analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, indicated that V2O5-mixed samples showed increased capacity and stability. The best-performing sample, [NCV]m, exhibited a specific capacity of 111.42 mAh/g, an energy density of 306.26 mWh/g, and demonstrated excellent cycling stability, maintaining an impressive 80.69 % of its initial capacity over 100 cycles. This research highlights the simplicity of the glass melting process in creating a stable, high-performance cathode material, opening new possibilities for future energy storage innovations. The results underscore the potential of vanadium-mixed lithium-borate glass as a promising candidate for next-generation lithium-ion battery cathodes.