Neurourbanism and its influence on public outdoor spaces and mental health

Mental health challenges, including stress, anxiety, and depression, are increasingly prevalent in urban settings, often exacerbated by inadequate access to well-designed public outdoor spaces (POS). This study explores the relationship between POS and mental health outcomes in Al Madinah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a mixed-methods approach involving literature review, case studies, and public surveys. Findings reveal significant disparities in POS satisfaction, with Al Madinah exhibiting lower availability and accessibility. Despite better POS access in Jeddah, mental health challenges remain widespread across both cities. Recommendations emphasize integrating neurourbanism principles into urban planning to create inclusive, accessible, and restorative urban environments.