Development of the split-Hopkinson pressure bar and its application in testing the dynamic mechanical properties of quasi-brittle materials: A review

The Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus is extensively used in rock mechanics to conduct dynamic research, with continuous advancements in the SHPB testing system leading to significant progress in understanding the dynamic properties of various rocks. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the SHPB's development history, fundamental principles, and auxiliary techniques commonly employed in SHPB testing, such as the use of conical bullets and pulse shapers. It also analyzes key factors affecting SHPB experiments, including interface, frictional, and size effects, and reviews strategies to mitigate these challenges. Furthermore, improvements to the SHPB apparatus and the application of specialized techniques designed to meet diverse experimental requirements are highlighted. This review also discusses the outcomes of compression tests on traditional rocks, rocks with defects, and rocks saturated with gas or water. Additionally, it examines results from tests conducted under specific loading conditions, including confining pressure and unique environmental settings. The review concludes by summarizing current limitations and deficiencies in SHPB testing research and suggests potential future directions for further development.