B7-H3-Targeted CAR-Vδ1T Cells Exhibit Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Solid Tumors

V delta 1T cells, a rare subset of gamma delta T cells, hold promise for treating solid tumors. Unlike conventional T cells, they recognize tumor antigens independently of the MHC antigen presentation pathway, making them a potential "off-the-shelf" cell therapy product. However, isolation and activation of V delta 1T cells is challenging, which has limited their clinical investigation. Here, we developed a large-scale clinical-grade manufacturing process for V delta 1T cells and validated the therapeutic potential of B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified V delta 1T cells in treating solid tumors. Coexpression of IL2 with the B7-H3-CAR led to durable antitumor activity of V delta 1T cells in vitro and in vivo. In multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse xenograft tumor models, a single intravenous administration of the CAR-V delta 1T cells resulted in complete tumor regression. These modified cells demonstrated significant in vivo expansion and robust homing ability to tumors, akin to natural tissue-resident immune cells. Additionally, the B7-H3-CAR-V delta 1T cells exhibited a favorable safety profile. In conclusion, B7-H3-CAR-modified V delta 1T cells represent a promising strategy for treating solid tumors.Significance: A clinical-grade expansion protocol enabled generation of B7-H3-targeted CAR-V delta 1T cells with robust anticancer activity and a favorable safety profile, supporting the potential of CAR-V delta 1T cells as an "off-the-shelf" therapy for solid tumors.