Bioactivity profiling of Sanghuangporus lonicerinus: antioxidant, hypoglycaemic, and anticancer potential via in-vitro and in-silico approaches

This study investigates the mycochemical profile and biological activities of hydroethanolic (EtOH), chloroform (CHCl3), and hot water (H2O) extracts of Sanghuangporus lonicerinus from Uzbekistan. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 '-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), NO, and FRAP assays, and in vitro hypoglycaemic effects were evaluated through alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition. Antiproliferative potential was explored by analysing the binding affinities of EtOH and H2O extracts to estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha), ER beta, androgen receptor (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR), with molecular docking providing structural insights. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed solvent-dependent phenolic profiles, with the EtOH extract containing the highest total phenolic content (143.15 +/- 6.70 mg GAE/g d.w.) and the best antioxidant capacity. The EtOH extract showed significant hypoglycaemic effects, with 85.29 +/- 5.58% inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and 41.21 +/- 0.79% inhibition of alpha-amylase. Moderate ER beta binding suggests potential for estrogen-mediated cancer therapy, while strong AKR1C3 inhibition by the EtOH extract supports its therapeutic potential.