Thermal management system of e-vehicle Li-ion battery modules: A comprehensive review

Electric vehicles have the potential to address humanity's issues of environmental deterioration and energy scarcity. Electric vehicles frequently use lithium-ion batteries as their power source. The heat is generated when the batteries are subjected to high-power charging and discharging loads. This results in a considerable loss in battery life and raises the possibility of a battery explosion. As a result, quick heat dissipation from the cells is required to ensure safe operation and longer battery life cycles. Air cooling is the most basic type of thermal management; yet, due to its poor thermal conductivity, it has its restrictions. Liquid cooling agents are superior to air cooling systems in terms of thermal control. Liquid cooling, on the other hand, added complexity to the working system, increased operating costs, and increased total system weight. A similar problem might be seen when applying the heat pipe concept of cooling systems. PCM provides several advantages over above mentioned three cooling technologies, but it also has a limited heat storage capacity and poor thermal conductivity. As a result, a hybrid BTMS paradigm emerges. However, research on hybrid techniques is still insufficient. To make effective hybrid BTMS technology, efforts are being undertaken, and earlier research on the hybrid is also summarized in this study.