Unmasking social life in COVID: Exploring and measuring the social vulnerability of citizens amidst the COVID-19 epidemic

This research investigates the experiences of Isfahan residents during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on social vulnerability across different groups. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Using purposive sampling, 30 individuals from diverse age groups, occupations, and social backgrounds were selected for in-depth interviews, which were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method. Additionally, a field survey was conducted with 483 citizens, utilizing a researcher-developed questionnaire, to assess the identified challenges. The qualitative analysis revealed three primary categories: "Traumatic COVID-19 experience," "The vulnerabilities experienced in the struggle with COVID-19 and its affected structures," and "Rethinking social and institutional life in coexistence with the danger of COVID-19." These categories are highlighted as the phenomenon of "COVID-19 exposure and experience." The quantitative research findings indicate that Isfahan citizens are more vulnerable to the Corona epidemic in terms of cultural (average: 3.95) and institutional (average: 4.5) factors, and less vulnerable in terms of mental-communication (average: 3.03) and social (average: 2.23) factors. The variance analysis reveals significant differences in vulnerability among social classes across economic, cultural, and educational dimensions. Policymakers must understand social dynamics and disparities to develop targeted support strategies for women and lower-class populations. A comprehensive support strategy is necessary, involving awareness-raising, targeted support, and resource mobilization. Engaging low-income and marginalized groups in problem-solving is vital to address social capital reduction, institutional mistrust, and economic/educational vulnerability, enhancing resilience and crisis management.