EGCG Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through the Activation of the Nrf2-GPX4 Pathway and Enhancing Iron Metabolism

Background: Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process linked to various diseases. This study explored whether Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a tea-derived antioxidant, could regulate ferroptosis to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Methods: A DSS-induced colitis model was used to assess EGCG's effects. Ferroptosis markers, oxidative stress, and iron metabolism were evaluated, alongside Nrf2-GPX4 pathway activation and ferritin (FTH/L) expression. Results: Iron dysregulation and oxidative stress contributed to DSS-induced colitis by activating ferroptosis in colonic epithelial cells. EGCG supplementation inhibited ferroptosis, reducing oxidative damage. Mechanistically, EGCG activated the Nrf2-GPX4 pathway, enhancing antioxidant defense, and improved iron metabolism by upregulating ferritin expression. Conclusions: EGCG effectively suppressed DSS-induced ferroptosis and colitis, highlighting its potential as a ferroptosis inhibitor and therapeutic agent.