Analysis of Traffic Safety Factors and Their Impact Using Machine Learning Algorithms

The safety of road traffic is facing increasing challenges from a range of factors, and this study aims to address this issue. The paper describes the development of a model that assesses both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the current traffic situation and can also predict future trends based on monthly data on traffic accidents over a period of years. The dataset is composed of the number of accidents that occurred in the Pristina region over a 10-year period, and these are categorized based on the type of accident and safety factors, including human, vehicle, and road factors. By using machine learning algorithms, a model has been developed that determines the factor with the greatest impact on traffic safety. To create the model, the algorithms Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Trees (RT) were used. The model evaluates the contribution of human, road, and vehicle factors to traffic accidents, using machine learning algorithms and 36 types of traffic accidents to analyze the relevant statistics. The results indicate a very good fit of the model according to the MLR algorithm, and this model also identifies the road factor as the main influencer of the traffic safety level.