Outbreak of Malaria in Southern Iran-Possible Ways to Manage

Background: Iran is classified as an endemic country for malaria, with a notable prevalence in the southern and southeastern regions. Objectives: This study aimed to examine malaria prevalence and morbidity among adults in southern Iran between 2016 and2024. Examining the variables affecting the spread of this disease and suggesting possible ways to manage it, is an objective of the study. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in Sistan-Baluchistan province, the second-largest province of Iran, in 2024.Clinical and demographical data were collected from the three medical universities from March 2016 to September 2024. The study population was selected using the census method. Results: The morbidity to malaria has increased from 156 in 2016 to 22079 in 2024 in the southeast of Iran. Most of these cases(77.7%) were reported in the southernmost region. The highest occurrence of the disease was observed in men. Additionally,44.9% of the patients were border drivers. The occurrence of malaria cases in the region was relatively low between 2016 and2018. Moreover, 71.7% of the patients were infected with the Plasmodiumvivax type of malaria parasite. Also, more men withmalaria are diagnosed by the passive care system compared to women (P = 0.001). Conclusions: To effectively manage malaria in malaria-prone areas like Sistan-Baluchistan province, it is important to increase awareness and vigilance regarding the symptoms of malaria, particularly among men, especially those working at the borders and drivers who transport goods across them. It is crucial for the country's healthcare system to pay closer attention to the effective control of endemic diseases, particularly during the summer season. Additionally, the health issues of immigrants should be considered a priority.