How to talk about crises? Leaders' narrative strategies during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in Italy and France

被引:2
作者
Mastroianni, Laura [1 ]
Profeti, Stefania [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bologna, Dept Polit & Social Sci, Str Maggiore 45, I-40125 Bologna, Italy
关键词
COVID-19; crisis leadership; policy narratives; (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic); (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic); Liderazgo en situaciones de crisis; narrativas pol & iacute; ticas; POLICY; FRAMEWORK; JOINT;
D O I
10.1111/psj.12585
中图分类号
D0 [政治学、政治理论];
学科分类号
0302 ; 030201 ;
摘要
Defined by threat, urgency, and uncertainty, crises produce opportunities for government leaders to exploit and create meaning around their policy decisions in such unstable circumstances. In narrating their preferred policy solutions, one of the tools governments can use is relying on evidence-based information. However, some studies have also stressed the importance of recovering emotional inputs when directing the public toward policy compliance. Based upon this premise, we first propose an original typology intersecting evidence/emotions with loss/gain-framed narrative dimensions, enriching the analytical tools available to the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), especially when it is applied to studying and interpreting the formulation of policy narratives in times of crisis. We then propose a set of expectations that are empirically tested against the narrative strategies concerning the vaccination campaign during the COVID-19 crisis in two European countries, Italy and France. By taking into account the official public statements of the executive leaders and health ministers, they have been analyzed through the Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA) software, incorporating our typology into the NPF coding scheme. The analysis shows that tracing leaders' policy narratives back to the evidence/emotion and gain/loss dimensions allows more nuanced differences to emerge that are not immediately observable by resorting to the NPF standard categories. Indeed, although the stories of vaccination against COVID-19 told in the two countries are broadly similar in terms of the characters and the moral of the story, and emotion-based narrative strategies prevail in both contexts, we observe a greater overall use of admonitions and scaring tactics in France than in Italy. Moreover, when looking at the evolution of strategies over time, the stability of gain-framed narratives in the Italian case seems less consistent with the progressively more intrusive nature of the policy solutions adopted by the government. 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Las crisis, definidas por la amenaza, la urgencia y la incertidumbre, generan oportunidades para que los l & iacute;deres gubernamentales exploten y creen significado en torno a sus decisiones pol & iacute;ticas en circunstancias tan inestables. Al narrar sus soluciones pol & iacute;ticas preferidas, una de las herramientas que pueden utilizar los gobiernos es confiar en informaci & oacute;n basada en evidencia. Sin embargo, algunos estudios tambi & eacute;n han destacado la importancia de recuperar los est & iacute;mulos emocionales a la hora de orientar al p & uacute;blico hacia el cumplimiento de las pol & iacute;ticas. Con base en esta premisa, primero proponemos una tipolog & iacute;a original que cruza la evidencia/emociones con dimensiones narrativas enmarcadas en p & eacute;rdidas/ganancias, enriqueciendo las herramientas anal & iacute;ticas disponibles para el Marco Narrativo de Pol & iacute;ticas (NPF), especialmente cuando se aplica al estudio e interpretaci & oacute;n de la formulaci & oacute;n de narrativas pol & iacute;ticas en tiempos de crisis. Luego proponemos un conjunto de expectativas que se prueban emp & iacute;ricamente frente a las estrategias narrativas relativas a la campa & ntilde;a de vacunaci & oacute;n durante la crisis de COVID-19 en dos pa & iacute;ses europeos, Italia y Francia. Teniendo en cuenta las declaraciones p & uacute;blicas oficiales de los l & iacute;deres ejecutivos y los ministros de salud, se han analizado a trav & eacute;s del software Discourse Network Analyzer (DNA), incorporando nuestra tipolog & iacute;a al esquema de codificaci & oacute;n del NPF. El an & aacute;lisis muestra que rastrear las narrativas pol & iacute;ticas de los l & iacute;deres hasta las dimensiones evidencia/emoci & oacute;n y ganancia/p & eacute;rdida permite que surjan diferencias m & aacute;s matizadas que no son inmediatamente observables al recurrir a las categor & iacute;as est & aacute;ndar del NPF. De hecho, aunque las historias de vacunaci & oacute;n contra la COVID-19 contadas en los dos pa & iacute;ses son en general similares en t & eacute;rminos de los personajes y la moraleja de la historia, y las estrategias narrativas basadas en la emoci & oacute;n prevalecen en ambos contextos, observamos un mayor uso generalizado de advertencias y t & aacute;cticas de miedo en Francia que en Italia. Adem & aacute;s, al observar la evoluci & oacute;n de las estrategias a lo largo del tiempo, la estabilidad de las narrativas enmarcadas en las ganancias en el caso italiano parece menos consistente con la naturaleza progresivamente m & aacute;s intrusiva de las soluciones pol & iacute;ticas adoptadas por el gobierno.
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