Thermomechanical and thermal characterization of pressureless sintered TiB2

The impact of high-energy milling using WC-Co media on the pressureless sintering and properties of TiB2 was studied. After 30 mins of milling, samples sintered at 2200 degrees C achieved a high relative density (>98 %) and a fine mean grain size (<2 <mu>m). In the microstructure WxBy phases, often containing Co, were observed at triple points, due to contamination from the milling media. Moreover, core-rim structures with multiple rims were detected: the cores consisted of pure TiB2 grains, the rims were (TixWy)B-2 solid solutions. The core-rim formation was significantly more pronounced compared to a reference sample of the same powder mixture densified by hot pressing at 1900 degrees C. The hardness reached 23 GPa, comparable to the hot-pressed sample, while the fracture toughness remained within 4.8-5.1 MPa<middle dot>m(1/2) up to 1000 degrees C. The strength was approximately 350-400 MPa up to 1000 degrees C, declining sharply at higher temperatures due to W-containing impurities. Thermal diffusivity and conductivity were similarly impacted by these impurities.