Advances in ground heat exchangers and thermal energy storage for sustainable energy systems

The significance of energy storage is increasing because of the energy demand fulfilled by the intermittency of renewable energy. This review comprehensively studies the development and applications of cement-based grout, vertical ground heat exchangers (GHE), and horizontal GHE in relation to ground source heat pump (GSHP) and thermal energy storage (TES) systems. It explores various TES systems, including sensible heat storage (SHS), latent heat storage (LHS), and thermochemical heat storage (TCHS), while highlighting the role of GHEs as critical components of GSHP systems while highlighting the role of GHEs as critical components of GSHP systems. The review article compares the profits and encounters of vertical and horizontal GHE installations. The impact of backfill material such as cement-based grout in GHEs performance are also reviewed. The integration of renewable energy systems with thermal energy storage and ground heat exchangers is thoroughly reviewed. Advancements in materials, system designs, and hybrid configurations are essential for fostering the widespread adoption of sustainable and green energy solutions.