Gut Microbiota and Insulin Resistance: Understanding the Mechanism of Better Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

被引:0
作者
Al-Busaidi, Alsalt [1 ]
Alabri, Omer [1 ]
Alomairi, Jaifar [1 ]
Elsharaawy, Ahmed [2 ]
Al Lawati, Abdullah [3 ]
Al Lawati, Hanan [4 ]
Das, Srijit [5 ]
机构
[1] Royal Coll Surgeons Ireland, Dept Med, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
[2] Sohar Hosp, Sohar, Oman
[3] Sultan Qaboos Univ Hosp, Muscat 123, Oman
[4] Oman Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Pharmaceut, Pharm Program, Muscat 113, Oman
[5] Sultan Qaboos Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Human & Clin Anat, Muscat, Oman
关键词
Microbiota; gut; microorganisms; insulin; type 2 diabetes mellitus; gastrointestinal system; MEDIATED GLUCOSE-UPTAKE; FREE FATTY-ACIDS; INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA; EARLY-LIFE; INDUCED INFLAMMATION; TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT; METABOLIC SYNDROME; HEPATIC STEATOSIS; NITRIC-OXIDE; WEIGHT-LOSS;
D O I
10.2174/0115733998281910231231051814
中图分类号
R5 [内科学];
学科分类号
1002 ; 100201 ;
摘要
Gut microbiota refers to the population of trillions of microorganisms present in the human intestine. The gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal system is important for an individual's good health and well-being. The possibility of an intrauterine colonization of the placenta further suggests that the fetal environment before birth may also affect early microbiome development. Various factors influence the gut microbiota. Dysbiosis of microbiota may be associated with various diseases. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels, and disruption of the insulin signaling pathway results in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance or hyperinsulinemia is a pathological state in which the insulin-responsive cells have a diminished response to the hormone compared to normal physiological responses, resulting in reduced glucose uptake by the tissue cells. Insulin resistance is an important cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus. While there are various factors responsible for the etiology of insulin resistance, dysbiosis of gut microbiota may be an important contributing cause for metabolic disturbances. We discuss the mechanisms in skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, liver, and intestine by which insulin resistance can occur due to gut microbiota's metabolites. A better understanding of gut microbiota may help in the effective treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
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页数:21
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