Effects of 1-Deoxynojirimycin Extracts of Mulberry Leaves on Oxidative Stress and the Function of the Intestinal Tract in Broilers Induced by H2O2

Intestinal health is crucial for safeguarding overall well-being. 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) from mulberry leaves can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, ensuring intestinal health. This study evaluated the effects of DNJ extract of mulberry leaves (DNJ-E) as an antioxidant on intestine function in broilers under oxidative stress. The addition of DNJ-E led to improvements in the morphology and ultrastructure of the intestine, as evidenced by increased villus height, an enhanced villus-to-crypt ratio, and strengthened tight junctions. Treatment with 40 mg/kg DNJ-E resulted in elevated levels of SOD and CAT in the jejunum, along with an upregulation of MUC mRNA expression. These findings suggest that DNJ-E plays a significant role in enhancing intestinal barrier function by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby contributing to the protection of intestinal health in broilers. The poultry industry struggles with oxidative stress affecting gut health and productivity. This study examined using 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) extracts from mulberry leaves as an antioxidant in broilers feed to combat this issue. We divided 240 broilers, aged 16 days, into six groups, including a control and groups exposed to oxidative stress through H2O2 injections, with different supplement levels of DNJ-E (40, 80, 120, and 160 mg/kg of the basal diet) lasting until the broilers reached 42 days old. We evaluated intestinal morphology, ultrastructure, oxidative stress markers, the tight junction, and inflammatory cytokines. Adding 40 mg/kg DNJ-E improved villus height, the villus-to-crypt ratio, and cellular ultrastructure, and increased SOD levels in the jejunum and ileum, as well as CAT levels in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05), compared to the H2O2 group. The addition of DNJ had differential effects on oxidative stress, the intestinal barrier, and immune-related genes. Importantly, the dosages of 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg resulted in an upregulation of MUC2 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that DNJ-E holds potential as a beneficial feed additive for enhancing broiler health, particularly at supplementation levels below 80 mg/kg, as higher concentrations may negatively influence intestinal health. Future investigations should aim to elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which DNJ-E operates within the avian gastrointestinal system.