The impact of people's creativity and networks on spatial localisation - Locals, multi-locals, newcomers or returnees as an opportunity for civic engagement in rural areas

Rural areas and civic engagement are influenced by ongoing transformation processes. Due to a strong sense of belonging among people in rural areas, along with both historical and emerging engagement structures, civic engagement in these areas plays an important role. This paper deals with spatial localisation through the lens of multi-locals, newcomers or returnees presenting them as an example of potential opportunities for civic engagement. It utilizes theoretical approaches to creativity and engagement as endogenous resources for regional development. By combining the empirical results of two doctoral theses, which used guided qualitative interviews, reflexive photography and egocentric network maps as methods, the paper aims to analyse the extent to which the localisation of multi-locals, newcomers or returnees impacts civic engagement and how rural areas can benefit from civic innovations. The study shows that engagement has different characteristics in rural areas. The personal localisation of volunteers influences the type of engagement. Supra-local engagement offers an opportunity to stay connected and sustain involvement, but "genuine" engagement happens at the local level. The example of multi-locals and engagement in the special field of cultural activities illustrates an opportunity for innovation in rural regions. The multi-locals and the cultural actors, as "strangers" or "newcomers" bring new impressions and skills (from urban areas) to rural regions and communities.