Research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD/MASH

Background: The global increase in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and its progression to Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH) pose significant public health challenges.Objective: To review key research advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of MASLD/MASH over the past two decades.Methods: This article synthesizes recent findings on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MASLD/MASH, focusing on non-invasive diagnostic tools and emerging pharmacological treatments.Results: Non-invasive diagnostic techniques, including high-resolution CT, MRI, FIB-4 index, and FAST score, have enhanced early detection and diagnostic accuracy. Treatment strategies encompass pharmaceuticals such as THR-beta agonists, FXR agonists, PPAR agonists, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors, alongside lifestyle interventions like dietary changes, weight management, and exercise. Surgical options, including gastric bypass and liver transplantation, are effective, particularly for obese and advanced MASH patients. However, challenges remain in standardizing treatment protocols, validating long-term efficacy, and addressing patient-specific factors.Conclusion: MASLD/MASH treatment has advanced significantly with new diagnostic tools and therapies. Future research should focus on personalized approaches, long-term treatment outcomes, and multidisciplinary collaboration to improve patient care and treatment efficacy.