Research Progress on Grapevine Response Mechanisms and Alleviation Measures Under Salt Stress

This review summarizes the latest research on the response mechanisms and alleviation measures of grapevines under salt stress. As an important economic crop, grapes are widely cultivated worldwide, but salt stress poses a significant threat to their growth, development, and fruit quality. The article discusses the impact of salt stress on key physiological processes in grapes, including photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and antioxidant enzyme defenses. It also explores the genetic regulatory mechanisms related to salt tolerance, with a focus on the roles of genes such as VviExo70B and VaSAP15 in enhancing salt tolerance. Additionally, strategies for alleviating salt stress, such as grafting, gene editing technologies, and the application of exogenous substances, are reviewed. This paper aims to provide theoretical support for grapevine salt stress research and practical guidance for grapevine cultivation management, while also looking ahead to future research directions, particularly the potential of multi-omics technologies and CRISPR in improving salt tolerance.