Adverse childhood experiences and ICD-11 complex posttraumatic stress disorder in Poland: a population-based study

Background: Research on the prevalence of ICD-11-based complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in nationally representative samples is lacking, with no such studies conducted considering national Polish samples until now.Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to explore profiles of study participants in terms of either PTSD or CPTSD symptoms regarding to ICD-11 diagnosis with the aid of latent profile analysis. We also investigated the relationship between the types and cumulative number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with the probability of CPTSD rate in a national sample of Poles.Methods: A representative sample of Polish adults (n = 3,557) participated in this study. ACEs were assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, while the core features of PTSD and CPTSD were measured using the International Trauma Questionnaire.Results: The findings showed a 11% prevalence rate of probable CPTSD in the studied sample of Poles. Sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect and having the experience of a mentally ill household member were the most significant predictors of potential diagnosis. Furthermore, significant differences concerning lifestyle data were observed in the group of participants with CPTSD.Conclusions: The current rate of probable CPTSD in Poland is substantially higher than the respective data reported for other countries. We also noted that the ICD-11 diagnosis of CPTSD may not apply to all cultural environments. Finally, it was observed that the ACEs - CPTSD association may depend both on the ACEs types as well as on their overall cumulative character. Antecedentes: Existe una falta de investigaci & oacute;n sobre la prevalencia del trastorno de estr & eacute;s postraum & aacute;tico complejo (TEPTC) basado en la CIE-11 en muestras representativas a nivel nacional, y hasta ahora no se han realizado estudios de este tipo que consideren muestras nacionales polacas.Objetivos: El objetivo principal de este estudio fue explorar los perfiles de los participantes del estudio en t & eacute;rminos de s & iacute;ntomas de TEPT o TEPTC seg & uacute;n el diagn & oacute;stico de la CIE-11, utilizando an & aacute;lisis de perfiles latentes. Tambi & eacute;n investigamos la relaci & oacute;n entre los tipos y el n & uacute;mero acumulado de experiencias adversas en la infancia (EAI) con la probabilidad de desarrollar TEPTC en una muestra nacional de polacos.M & eacute;todos: En este estudio participaron una muestra representativa de adultos polacos (n = 3.557). Las EAI se evaluaron mediante el Cuestionario de Experiencias Adversas en la Infancia, mientras que las caracter & iacute;sticas principales del TEPT y el TEPTC se midieron utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Trauma.Resultados: Los hallazgos mostraron una tasa de prevalencia del 11% de probable TEPTC en la muestra estudiada de polacos. El abuso sexual, el abandono emocional, el abandono f & iacute;sico y haber vivido con un miembro de la familia con enfermedad mental fueron los predictores m & aacute;s significativos de un posible diagn & oacute;stico. Adem & aacute;s, se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto a los datos de estilo de vida en el grupo de participantes con TEPTC.Conclusiones: La tasa actual de probable TEPTC en Polonia es sustancialmente m & aacute;s alta que los datos reportados en otros pa & iacute;ses. Tambi & eacute;n observamos que el diagn & oacute;stico de TEPTC seg & uacute;n la CIE-11 podr & iacute;a no ser aplicable a todos los entornos culturales. Finalmente, se observ & oacute; que la asociaci & oacute;n entre las EAI y el TEPTC puede depender tanto de los tipos de EAI como de su car & aacute;cter acumulativo en general.