Artificial Intelligence: Prospects for Consciousness Emergence

The article explores the question of whether an artificial intelligence (AI) system can attain human consciousness. The authors critically examine the current state of research in neuroscience, anthropology, and philosophy, highlighting the significant challenges posed by the limitations of computational power and the architecture of modern AI systems. The article proposes a distinction between theoretical and instrumental approaches to determining the level of consciousness in AI. By considering the most authoritative theories of consciousness in neuroscience and cognitive philosophy, such as the Global Workspace Theory, Integrated Information Theory, Spatiotemporal Theory, and Evolutionary Theory of Consciousness, the authors argue that the emergence of consciousness in a material system requires an integral architecture, adaptability, and the ability to master self-control. An analysis of instrumental tests for the presence of consciousness shows that consciousness can only be assessed based on behavior in the real world, and also demonstrates the limitations and risks of anthropomorphic perceptions of the object of study. The authors advocate for the synthesis of theoretical and instrumental approaches in the research and design of AI, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary studies to advance the understanding and potential replication of human consciousness in artificial systems. Clear criteria for determining the presence of consciousness in AI systems are proposed, and the ethical implications of this technological achievement are considered. The study concludes with a discussion of the potential challenges humanity may face if AI systems are endowed with consciousness, stressing the importance of a cautious and well-considered approach to such a complex issue.