Open Versus Minimally Invasive Morgagni Hernia Repair in Pediatric Surgery: A Review

Background: Morgagni hernia (MH), a rare type of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, does not have an established protocol for surgical repair.Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE search with terms related to various surgical approaches to repair MH in children was conducted. Articles comprising robotic-assisted surgery, laparoscopy, laparotomy, thoracoscopy, and thoracotomy over the last 20 years were assessed.Results: This narrative review provides an overview of MH in the pediatric population, covering the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of this rare diaphragmatic hernia. We discuss various surgical techniques, including open and minimally invasive approaches, and compare their advantages and limitations in childhood MH repair. In addition, we address arguments for and against controversial topics such as hernia sac excision and patch reinforcement.Conclusions: Regarding MH in children, transabdominal repair is superior to transthoracic due to improved visualization of bilateral defects and easier reduction of the hernia contents. Laparoscopy has been reported as a popular approach. Single-site laparoscopy has gained attention due to better outcomes than standard three-port laparoscopy. Considering a limited number of children in the literature who underwent robotic MH repair, perioperative complications were reported to be minor.