Empowering Communities: A Low-Cost Approach to Land and Water Management in Developing Countries

Access to water is fundamental for life, yet many citizens in developing countries face severe water shortages, exacerbated by recurring droughts, particularly in water-stressed regions. Street-level bureaucrats in these areas encounter the dual challenge of addressing local residents' expectations for relief while operating with constrained resources. This study examines the innovative efforts of local bureaucrats in Banda, a drought-prone and underdeveloped district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, to promote rainwater harvesting and water conservation. By leveraging limited discretionary funds and engaging local stakeholders, these initiatives have demonstrated significant positive impacts. Using on-ground visits and official government data, the study evaluates the effects of these efforts on groundwater levels, agricultural productivity, and related indicators. Findings reveal substantial improvements, including higher groundwater levels, increased agricultural yields, and enhanced water availability for sanitation needs. This research highlights the pivotal role of water conservation initiatives driven by street-level bureaucrats in fostering economic growth and environmental sustainability. The insights from Banda offer valuable lessons for policymakers and bureaucrats in similarly resource-constrained settings in developing countries striving to ensure water access and resilience against drought.