Important antimicrobial dosing considerations for transitions of care: Focus on thrice-weekly dosing in hemodialysis

Purpose The objective of this clinical review is to evaluate current literature and propose optimal dosing strategies for thrice-weekly postdialytic administration of select antimicrobial agents in individuals receiving chronic intermittent hemodialysis (iHD).Summary The optimization of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) for patients receiving chronic iHD presents a prime opportunity for stewardship intervention. By utilizing the existing vascular hemodialysis access instead of inserting an additional peripheral catheter for antimicrobial administration, the risk for potential clinical complications (e.g. vein thrombosis, catheter-associated infections) can be minimized. In addition to vancomycin and aminoglycosides, literature evidence also supports the use of thrice-weekly cefazolin, ceftazidime, cefepime, ertapenem, and daptomycin given after dialysis sessions.Conclusion Optimal dosing strategies of antimicrobials during transitions-of-care are imperative, especially in those receiving OPAT with iHD. While different dosing strategies may exist for each antimicrobial agent, other factors such as the modality of hemodialysis and site/severity of infection should be considered when choosing the optimal dosing regimen.