[1] Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Media & Commun, Seoul 03063, South Korea
[2] Univ Strathclyde, Strathclyde Business Sch, Dept Mkt, 199 Cathedral St, Glasgow G4 0QU, Scotland
[3] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Hospitality, Hotel Management & Tourism, College Stn, TX 77840 USA