Hydrogen storage performance of MXenes: Intrinsic properties and catalytic effects

MXenes, with their unique layered structures and exceptional physicochemical properties, have emerged as highly promising materials for solid-state hydrogen storage. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of MXenes' intrinsic hydrogen storage capabilities and their catalytic effects on solid-state hydrogen storage materials. It begins with an overview of MXenes' fundamental properties and synthesis methods, followed by an indepth examination of their intrinsic hydrogen storage performance, summarizing both theoretical calculations and experimental findings. Key attributes, such as high hydrogen storage capacities and reversible adsorption- desorption characteristics, are highlighted. The review also explores the catalytic role of MXenes in improving the hydrogen storage performance of light metal hydrides and complex hydrides, particularly in reducing dehydrogenation temperatures and enhancing reaction kinetics. Recent advancements in MXene-facilitated hydrogen storage are summarized, and insights into future research directions are presented to optimize their use in efficient hydrogen storage systems. While MXenes hold significant potential for advancing solid-state hydrogen storage technologies and promoting hydrogen as a clean energy carrier, challenges remain, including complex synthesis processes, limited long-term stability, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Furthermore, structural and compositional variations in MXenes can significantly influence their catalytic activity, necessitating deeper investigations into the kinetics of hydrogen absorption and release. This review consolidates the latest research progress and outlines strategies to address these challenges, aiming to enhance the practical application of MXenes in solid-state hydrogen storage systems.