A systematic framework of resilience assessment based on multi-state transition modeling under two-phase recovery for hydrogen refueling stations

The safety of Hydrogen refueling station systems is becoming increasingly important with the growth of hydrogen energy. Existing assessment methods for hydrogen refueling stations primarily focus on reliability. They often neglect the recovery process after experiencing shocks. This paper establishes a comprehensive resilience assessment framework for Hydrogen refueling station. It considers a two-state recovery phase with a multi-state transition model. The entire system evolution process is divided into degradation and recovery phases. The transfer rate during the degradation phase is obtained using event and fault tree analysis. The recovery phase is further divided into emergency recovery and post-recovery, generating recovery rate for the entire process. Furthermore, four associated indices for resilience assessment are established: resistance, absorption, recovery, and robustness. A case study based on a typical Hydrogen refueling station system is implemented. The results show that the resilience of the Hydrogen refueling station can be improved by 12.5% with the support of the two-phase recovery process compared to the traditional recovery process. This demonstrates the framework's potential to enhance the reliable operation of Hydrogen refueling station in practice.